Later, the police detained Amit and Rakshit, who admitted that they had stolen the pipes and sold them to a scrap dealer for Rs 23,000 at Maranda, near Palampur. Palampur is like a paradise for the people who are adventure enthusiasts. Medium and large fa

The movement of ToLCPMV from south-eastern Iran to south, northeast and central regions with warm climatic conditions threatens the cultivation of cucurbits and tomato in these regions, which are the major production areas for these crops. Tomato leaf curl disease (TLCD) and and tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLCD) is caused by a number of begomovirus species that collectively threaten tomato production worldwide. Regarding monopartite tomato-infecting begomoviruses, the homologous V2 ORF/movement protein of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCChV), tomato yellow leaf curl Java virus (TYLCJV) and tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) have been reported to suppress RNA silencing by the host10,16,17,18,19. Among the reported begomoviruses which cause tomato leaf curl disease (TLCD) in Iran, Tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPMV) was the first bipartite begomovirus to be detected in tomato in 2006 in Hormozgan Province (southern Iran). Tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPMV) is a bipartite begomovirus which has been reported from India and Iran but infectious clones have not been obtained. This suggested that the lack of infectivity of the ToLCPMV clones was due to the defect in DNA B. The DNA B of ToLCPMV was able to move systemically when inoculated with DNA A of the either virus.

Palampur, ,  Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Dharamshala, Hotels in Palampur, palampurpanorama.com -mediated inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana with the ToLCPMV clones obtained here did not result in symptoms. Infectivity analysis revealed that ToLCPMV DNA-A is infectious to model host plant Nicotiana benthamiana and viral accumulation was confirmed through Southern blot analysis. Agro-infiltration of muskmelon with the DNA A and DNA B components of ToLCPMV did not lead to symptomatic infection whereas inoculation with the DNA A with the DNA B of ToLCNDV resulted in a hypersensitive response (HR) along the veins. However, inoculation of plants with the DNA A component of ToLCPMV and the DNA B component of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) lead to systemic infection with leaf curl symptoms. We report here that an ongoing TLCD and TYLCD epidemic in Iran is caused by variants of tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPMV), a newly proposed begomovirus species previously only detected in India. Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus and Squash leaf curl China virus are known to be associated with this disease in India. However, the severity of symptoms in the field and yield losses led us to believe that some other agent, such as a begomovirus, could be associated with the disease. A bipartite begomovirus associated with a severe yellow leaf curl disease on muskmelon in Pakistan has been characterized.

We have previously shown the association of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), a potyvirus, with severe leaf curl disease of muskmelon in Pakistan. Additionally, agro-infiltration of muskmelon with a construct for the expression of the NSP gene of ToLCNDV under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter induced a HR, suggesting that this is the gene causing the HR. Pumpkin cultivation in India is affected by severe incidence of a yellow vein mosaic disease. The best example of this is the cultivation in Palampur. It has recently evolved into a destination that has best second home options that too at a close proximity with Delhi-NCR. Although viral suppressors have evolved to counter the RNA silencing mechanism, it is clear that they can also target other defence components of the host. Infectious molecules of both components (Accessions, MG252783 and MG252784, respectively) were constructed for infectivity analysis to fulfill the Koch’s postulate.